Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are fatty acids necessary for body functions and processes but not made in sufficient quantities by the body to meet those needs. Therefore, EFAs must be consumed in food or supplement form. Two important EFAs are linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid). The body needs EFAs to help synthesize certain hormones and hormone-like substances, provide structure for cell membranes, keep the brain and nerves healthy, and support natural growth.
A lack of EFAs in the diet can lead to deficiency side effects such as reproductive shut-down, poor skin health, and liver or kidney disorders. Additionally, malnutrition may develop as EFAs are necessary for the proper break down of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.
Typical American diets are usually lacking in omega-3 fatty acids and over abundant in omega-6 fatty acids (often found in packaged and processed foods). The optimal ratio of these nutrients is 1 to 5, respectively. Good sources of omega-6’s: vegetable oils such as corn, sesame, soybean and sunflower, seeds, nuts, grains and leafy green vegetables.