L-phenylalanine
(See also DLPA)
What is L-phenylalanine?
L-phenylalanine is an essential amino acid found in proteins of every life form. The body cannot synthesize phenylalanine independently, so the amino acid must be obtained from foods containing animal or plant source proteins.
L-phenylalanine helps the body build proteins and manufacture the amino acid L-tyrosine, among other important substances. Tyrosine is an important precursor in the production of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, low levels of which are linked to depression.
It is important to note the disorder phenylketonuria (PKU), in which an individual lacks the enzyme necessary to metabolize phenylalanine. Infants are tested for PKU within 48-72 hours of birth. If not treated before three weeks of age, PKU can lead to severe mental retardation. Symptoms of PKU begin to appear at about 3-6 months of age, and include eczema, delayed development, a small head and hyperactivity. Individuals with PKU must restrict phenylalanine from their diet and supplement with tyrosine.
Health Benefits
L-phenylalanine may help fight symptoms of depression through the synthesis of L-tyrosine. Tyrosine is an important precursor in the production of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, low levels of which are linked to depression.
L-phenylalanine, both as a dietary supplement and a topical formula, may help treat vitiligo, though it is not well known exactly how. More research is needed.
Usage Indications
Use as directed on the advise of a physician. L-phenylalanine should not be used solely in place of proven traditional therapies for depression or vitiligo, and should only be used under physician supervision.
L-phenylalanine is available in caplets, powder and tablets. Be careful to note that L-phenylalanine is different from D-phenylalanine (the molecular mirror image of L-phenylalanine, produced in a laboratory), and DL-phenylalanine (DLPA, which is a combination of the two).
- Side effects: May exacerbate symptoms of tardive dyskinesia in some schizophrenics. May cause hypertension when used in conjunction with MAO inhibitor antidepressants.
- Indications: Pregnant/nursing women, individuals with tardive dyskinesia, schizophrenia, or hypertension should not use L-phenylalanine. Those with phenylketonuria (PKU) should restrict L-phenylalanine from the diet and supplement with L-tyrosine under the supervision of a physician.
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