Tyrosine
What is Tyrosine?
L-tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid, and is synthesized in the body from the amino acid L-phenylalanine. Tyrosine may be essential in certain cases, such as phenylketonuria (PKU), a condition in which an individual lacks the enzyme to properly metabolize phenylalanine creating a tyrosine deficiency. Tyrosine is found in animal and plant source proteins, such as in fish, soy, meat, poultry, nuts, seeds, avocados and dairy foods.
The body needs tyrosine to synthesize proteins, and the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. In addition, tyrosine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary hormones, as well as the skin and hair pigment melanin.
Health Benefits
Some studies have shown tyrosine to help alleviate symptoms of depression and stress via the elevation of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain.
Additionally, tyrosine may help individuals addicted to drugs such as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and caffeine deal with the symptoms of withdrawal during drug detoxification.
Tyrosine has mild antioxidant properties.
There is little or conflicting scientific evidence that L-tyrosine helps to treat Parkinson’s disease or PMS, or improves exercise performance. More research is needed.
Usage Indications
Use as directed. General recommended dosages vary: 500-1500mg, up to 3 times daily. L-tyrosine should be taken at least 30 minutes before meals, and should be taken with a multi-vitamin complex to ensure proper absorption.
L-tyrosine is available in capsule, powder and tablet form.
- Side effects: May cause nervousness, insomnia, or gastrointestinal discomfort. In individuals prone to migraines, tyrosine may exacerbate migraine headaches.
- Indications: Pregnant/nursing women, individuals with alkaptonuria, tyrosenemia (type I, II), hypertension, melanoma, and those taking non-selective MAOI medications or the Parkinson’s disease medication levodopa should not use tyrosine supplements. Consult your physician. Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) should take tyrosine supplements under the specific supervision of a physician.
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